gress on approach of war refuses to increase, 263;
high professional merit of officers of, 279-280;
numbers of, as estimated by British admiralty, ii. 211;
total numbers of vessels in active employment, all told, from beginning
of war to its conclusion, twenty-two, 242.

_New Orleans._
For battle of, see _Actions, Land_.

"_New Orleans._"
Ship of the line, on the lakes, ii. 318 (note).

_Niagara, Peninsula of._
Strategic importance of, i. 338, 345-346, 352, 353; ii. 39-40, 51,
291, 293;
effect of climatic conditions of, i. 359.

_Orders in Council._
General definition of, i. 2 (note);
of 1807, cause of war with United States, 2;
_entrepot_ motive for, 16, 27;
of June and November, 1793, 89, 92;
of January, 1794, 93;
relations of, to Rule of 1756, 93;
of January, 1798, motive of, 98,
and renewal in 1803, 99;
effect of these last upon "direct trade," 101;
of May, 1806, 108,
effect and purpose of, 109;
legitimacy of, denied by the United States, 110-112,
and by Napoleon, who upon it bases Berlin Decree, 112;
of January, 1807, and its effects, 150-152;
Of November, 1807, purport of, 177, 187;
resented by United States, 178;
delay in communicating to American Government, 179;
general plan of, that of blockades, 180;
illustrative instances of execution of, 180 (note), 204, 205 (notes);
known in United States before the passage of Embargo Act, 181;
conditional offer of British Government to withdraw, 215-218;
revocation of, by substitution of Order of April, 1809, 220;
American expectation of revocation, in consequence of Champagny's
letter, 238;
British Government declines to revoke, 243-245;
Pinkney's analysis, and condemnation, of, to Wellesley, 245-246;
Wellesley's reply, 246;
Wellesley's exposition of policy of, 253-254;
discontent in Great Britain with, 269;
order of April 12, 1812, promises revocation, conditional, 270;
British determination to maintain, otherwise, 273-276;
revocation of, June, 1812, 276,
to date from August 1, 1812, 277;
too late to secure peace with America, 278,
or to restore it, 391-392; ii. 9;
compensation for seizures under, refused in peace negotiations,
ii. 416, 432.

_Pakenham, Sir Edward._ British general.
Named to command New Orleans expedition after death of Ross, ii. 385;
instructions to, concerning conduct in