d village in the center and south of Spain rose against
him; Salamanca and Toledo declared for Philip, and Andalusia raised
eighteen thousand men. The troops of Las Torres from Valencia, and
those who had retreated under Tesse to Roussillon, had joined Berwick at
Xadraque, and Philip had placed himself at the head of this formidable
army. Charles was obliged to send in the utmost haste to ask the Earl of
Peterborough to extricate him from the position in which he had placed
himself by neglecting his advice.

The earl instantly complied with the request, and marching with all
speed overtook the king on the 4th of August at Pastrina, and thence
on the following day escorted him in safety to the army of Portugal at
Guadalaxara.

The total strength of the united allied army was eighteen thousand
men--a force inferior, indeed, to that with which Berwick confronted
them; and that portion brought by Lord Galway and the Portuguese General
Das Minas was not to be relied upon, having fallen into a state of great
indiscipline owing to the tedious delays, the frequent retreats, and the
long inactivity to which it had been subjected by the incompetence of
its leaders. That this was so was evident by the fact that the day after
the king's arrival the French made a partial attack, and many of the
allied battalions at once fell into complete confusion. But this was not
the greatest drawback to the efficiency of the allied army; they were
paralyzed by the dissensions of their commanders--Galway, Das Minas,
and the Dutch Count de Noyelles. Each and all declined to acknowledge
Peterborough as commander in chief. The earl then offered to waive his
own rights entirely and to fight as a simple volunteer, and that Das
Minas, Lord Galway, and the Dutch general should each command their own
forces, receiving their orders from the king.

This offer was, however, refused by the three generals. The partisans
of the various leaders shared their animosity. The English troops of
Peterborough claiming, and justly, that Catalonia and Valencia had been
gained and won by him, and that to him alone the king owed his crown,
were furious that those who had shown naught but incapacity from
the commencement of the campaign should now refuse to recognize his
authority. While the disputes continued Berwick had nearly succeeded in
surprising Galway, and a disastrous defeat had only been prevented
by the gallant defense made by Lord Tyrawley of an outpost which