n in referring to the Southern cruisers, because
it is the word used in the quotations made. It undoubtedly
represented the feeling of the country at that time, but in an
impartial discussion of the events of the war the word cannot be
used with propriety. Our own Courts have found themselves unable
to sustain such a conclusion. Looking to the future it is better
to rest our objections to the mode of maritime warfare adopted by
the Confederacy upon a sound and enduring principle; viz., that
the recognition of ocean belligerency, when the belligerent cannot
give to his lawful exercise of maritime warfare the guaranty of a
prize jurisdiction, is a violation of any just or reasonable system
of international law. The Confederacy had the plea of necessity
for its course, but the jurisdiction of England for aiding and
abetting the practice has not yet been presented.]

[NOTE.--Her Britannic Majesty's principal ministers of State in
1861-2,--at the time of the correspondence touching the _Trent_
affair, referred to in the preceding chapter,--were as follows:--

_Premier_--Lord Palmerston.
_Lord High Chancellor_--Lord Westbury.
_Lord President of the Council_--Earl Granville.
_Lord Privy Seal_--The Duke of Argyll.
_Secretary for Foreign Affairs_--Lord John Russell.
_Secretary for the Colonies_--The Duke of Newcastle.
_Secretary for the Home Department_--Sir George Gray.
_Secretary of State for War_--Sir G. C. Lewis.
_Secretary of State for India_--Sir Charles Wood.
_Chancellor of the Exchequer_--Rt. Honorable W. E. Gladstone.
_Secretary for Ireland_--Rt. Honorable Edward Cardwell.
_Postmaster-General_--Lord Stanley of Alderney.
_President Board of Trade_--Rt. Honorable Charles Pelham Villiers.

The same Ministry, with unimportant changes, continued in power
throughout the whole period of the Rebellion in the United States.]

ADDENDUM.

The Tenth chapter of this volume having been given to the press in
advance of formal publication, many inquiries have been received
in regard to the text of Judge Black's opinion of November 20,
1860, referred to on pp. 231, 232. The opinion was submitted to
the President by Judge Black as Attorney-General. So much of the
opinion as includes the points which are specially controverted
and criticized is here given--about one-half of the entire document.
It is as follows:--

. . . "I come now to the point in your letter which is probably of
the greatest