t the doctrines common to all the
Apologists in the foreground, and to describe what is peculiar to Justin
as such, so far as it agree with New Testament teachings or contains an
anticipation of the future tenor of dogma.]

[Footnote 421: Cicero's proposition (de nat. deor. II. 66. 167): "nemo
vir magnus sine aliquo afflatu divino unquam fuit," which was the
property of all the idealistic philosophers of the age, is found in the
Apologists reproduced in the most various forms (see, e.g., Tatian 29).
That all knowledge of the truth, both among the prophets and those who
follow their teaching, is derived from inspiration was in their eyes a
matter of certainty. But here they were only able to frame a theory in
the case of the prophets; for such a theory strictly applied to all
would have threatened the spontaneous character of the knowledge of the
truth.]

[Footnote 422: Justin, Apol. I. 3: [Greek: Hemeteron oun ergon kai biou
kai mathematon ten episkepsin pasi parechein].]

[Footnote 423: See the exposition of the doctrine of God in Aristides
with the conclusion found in all the Apologists, that God requires no
offerings and presents.]

[Footnote 424: Even Tatian says in c. 19: [Greek: Kosmou men gar e
kataskeue kale, to de en auto politeuma phaulon].]

[Footnote 425: Tatian 5: [Greek: Oute anarchos e hule kathaper ho Theos,
oude dia to anarchon kai aute isodunamos to Theo gennete de kai ouch
hupo tou allou gegonuia monon de hupo tou panton demiourgou
probeblemene]. 12. Even Justin does not seem to have taught otherwise,
though that is not quite certain; see Apol. I. 10, 59, 64, 67: II. 6.
Theophilus I. 4: II. 4, 10, 13 says very plainly: [Greek: ex ouk onton
ta panta epoiesen.... ti de mega, ei ho theos ex hupokeimenes hules
epoiei ton kosmon].]

[Footnote 426: Hence the knowledge of God and the right knowledge of the
world are most closely connected; see Tatian 27: [Greek: he Theou
katalepsis en echo peri ton holon].]

[Footnote 427: The beginning of the fifth chapter of Tatian's Oration is
specially instructive here.]

[Footnote 428: According to what has been set forth in the text it is
incorrect to assert that the Apologists adopted the Logos doctrine in
order to reconcile monotheism with the divine honours paid to the
crucified Christ. The truth rather is that the Logos doctrine was
already part of their creed before they gave any consideration to the
person of the historical Christ, and _vice versa_ Chri