nous Anchovy Sauce._

Several samples which we have examined of this fish sauce have been
found contaminated with lead.

The mode of preparation of this fish sauce, consists in rubbing down the
broken anchovy in a mortar: and this triturated mass, being of a dark
brown colour, receives, without much risk of detection, a certain
quantity of Venetian red, added for the purpose of colouring it, which,
if genuine, is an innocent colouring substance; but instances have
occurred of this pigment having been adulterated with orange lead, which
is nothing else than a better kind of minium, or red oxide of lead. The
fraud may be detected, as stated p. 229.

The conscientious oilmen, less anxious with respect to colour,
substitute for this poison the more harmless pigment, called Armenian
bole.

The following recipe for making this fish sauce is copied from Gray's
Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias, p. 241.

"Anchovies, 2 lbs. to 4 lbs. and a half; pulp through a fine hair sieve;
boil the bones with common salt, 7 oz. in water 6 lbs.; strain; add
flour 7 oz. and the pulp of the fish; boil; pass the whole through the
sieve; colour with Venetian red to your fancy. It should produce one
gallon."

_Adulteration of Lozenges._

Lozenges, particularly those into the composition of which substances
enter that are not soluble in water, as ginger, cremor tartar, magnesia,
&c., are often sophisticated. The adulterating ingredient is usually
pipe-clay, of which a liberal portion is substituted for sugar. The
following detection of this fraud was lately made by Dr. T. Lloyd.[113]

"Some ginger lozenges having lately fallen into my hands, I was not a
little surprised to observe, accidentally, that when thrown into a coal
fire, they suffered but little change. If one of the lozenges was laid
on a shovel, previously made red-hot, it speedily took fire; but,
instead of burning with a blaze and becoming converted into a charcoal,
it took fire, and burnt with a feeble flame for scarcely half a minute,
and there remained behind a stony hard substance, retaining the form of
the lozenge. This unexpected result led me to examine these lozenges,
which were bought at a respectable chemist's shop in the city; and I
soon became convinced, that, in the preparation of them, a considerable
quantity of common pipe-clay had been substituted for sugar. On making a
complaint about this fraud at the shop where the article was sold, I was
informed