nd spreading groves of oak. The bard was an
important member of the royal household, for the court was not complete
without the Bard President, the Chief of Song, and the Domestic Bard. The
laws of Hywel the Good, King or Prince of Wales in the tenth century,
enact:--

"If there should be fighting, the bard shall sing 'The Monarchy of
Britain' in front of the battle."

"The Bard President shall sit at the Royal Table."

"When a bard shall ask a gift of a prince, let him sing one piece;
when he asks of a baron, let him sing three pieces."

"His land shall be free, and he shall have a horse in attendance from
the king."

"The Chief of Song shall begin the singing in the common hall."

"He shall be next but one to the patron of the family."

"He shall have a harp from the king, and a gold ring from the queen
when his office is secured to him. The harp he shall never part
with."

"When a song is called for, the Bard President should begin; the first
song shall be addressed to God, the next to the king. The Domestic
Bard shall sing to the queen and royal household."

The bard therefore in ancient times performed important functions. In
peace he delighted his lord with songs of chivalry, love and friendship.
In war he accompanied his prince to battle, and recited the might and
prowess of his leader and the martial virtue of his hosts. No court or
hall was complete without the presence of the bard, who enlivened the
feast with his minstrelsy and song. We also see that the Welsh bard,
like the primitive poets of Greece, and the troubadours of southern
France, sang his verses to the harp, whose dulcet strings have always
sent forth the national melodies. The chief bards were attached to the
courts and castles of their princes and chieftains; but a multitude of
inferior minstrels wandered the country singing to their harps, and were
in those primitive times received with open arms and welcome hospitality
in the houses of the gentry, and whither soever they went. Even within
living memory the English tourist has often met in the lonely dells and
among the mountain passes of Wales the wayworn minstrel, with harp strung
to his shoulders, ever ready to delight the traveller with the bewitching
notes of his lyre and song. But the modern bard of Wales is the
counterpart of his Scottish brother, of whom Scott wrote:--

"The way was long, the wind was cold,
The mins