ons 297

Acquired Tendencies 299

Animal Learning 302

Summary of Animal Learning 310

Human Learning 311

Human Compared with Animal Learning 313

Learning by Observation 317

The Learning of Complex
Practical Performances 321

Higher Units and Overlapping 323

Moderate Skill Acquired in
the Ordinary Day's Work 326

Habit 328

Exercises 330

References 331

CHAPTER XIV

MEMORY 332

The Process of Memorizing 333

Economy in Memorizing 333

Unintentional Learning 346

Retention 348

Recall 364

Recognition 357

Memory Training 360

Exercises 364

References 365

CHAPTER XV

ASSOCIATION AND MENTAL IMAGERY 366

What Can Be Recalled 366

Memory Images 368

Limitations of Imagery 371

The Question of Non-Sensory Recall 373

Hallucinations 375

Free Association 376

Controlled Association 381

Examples of Controlled Association 384

Exercises 386

References 388

CHAPTER XVI

THE LAWS OF ASSOCIATION 389

The Law of Exercise 389

The Law of Effect 391

Limitations of the Law of Exercise 393

Association by Similarity 395

Association by Contiguity 396

The Law of Combination 398

The Law of Combination in Recall 413

The Laws of Learning in
Terms of the Neurones 414

Exercises 418

References 418

CHAPTER XVII

PERCEPTION 418

Some Definitions 421

The Difference Between
Perception and Sensation 423

Perception and Image 425

Perception and Motor Reaction 427

What Sort of Response,
Then, Is Perception?