the commencement of Aries and Libra, and of Cancer and
Capricornus.

CARDINAL SIGNS. The zodiacal signs which the sun enters at the equinoxes
and solstices.

CARDINAL WINDS. Those from the due north, east, south, and west points
of the compass.

CAREEN, TO. A ship is said to careen when she inclines to one side, or
lies over when sailing on a wind; off her keel or carina.

CAREENING. The operation of heaving the ship down on one side, by
arranging the ballast, or the application of a strong purchase to her
masts, which require to be expressly supported for the occasion to
prevent their springing; by these means one side of the bottom, elevated
above the surface of the water, may be cleansed or repaired. (_See_
BREAMING.) But this operation is now nearly superseded by sheathing
ships with copper, whereby they keep a clean bottom for several years.

CAREENING BEACH. A part of the strand prepared for the purpose of a
ship's being grounded on a list or careen, to repair defects.

CARFINDO. One of the carpenter's crew.

CARGO. The merchandise a ship is freighted with.

CARGO-BOOK. The master of every coasting-vessel is required to keep a
cargo-book, stating the name of the ship, of the master, of the port to
which she belongs, and that to which she is bound; with a roll of all
goods, shippers, and consignees. In all other merchant ships the
cargo-book is a clean copy of all cargo entered in the gangway-book, and
shows the mark, number, quality, and (if measurement goods) the
dimensions of such packages of a ship's cargo.

CARICATORE. Places where the traders of Sicily take in their goods, from
_caricare_, to load.

CARINA. An old term, from the Latin, for the keel, or a ship's bottom.
The north-country term keel means an entire vessel: "So many keels
touched the strand." (_See_ KEEL.)

CARL, OR MALE HEMP. _See_ FIMBLE or FEMALE HEMP.

CARLE-CRAB. The male of the black-clawed crab, _Cancer pagurus_; also of
the partan or common crab.

CARLINE-KNEES. Timbers going athwart the ship, from the sides to the
hatchway, serving to sustain the deck on both sides.

CARLINES, OR CARLINGS. Pieces of timber about five inches square, lying
fore and aft, along from one beam to another. On and athwart these the
ledges rest, whereon the planks of the deck and other portions of
carpentry are made fast. The carlines have their end let into the beams,
called "culver-tail-wise," or scored in pigeon-fashion. There are other
carl