that they are awake on being called. Often "Show a
leg, and turn out."

SHRAB. A vile drugged drink prepared for seamen who frequent the filthy
purlieus of Calcutta. (_See_ DOASTA.)

SHRAPNEL SHELL. Invented by General Shrapnel to produce, at a long
range, the effect of common case; whence they have been also called
_spherical case_. They have a thickness of only one-tenth of their
diameter; so that, on the action of the fuse, they are opened by a very
small bursting charge, and allow the bullets with which they are filled
to proceed with much the same direction and velocity that the shell had
at the moment of explosion. They require, however, extremely nice
management.

SHRIMP. The small crustacean _Crangon vulgaris_, well known as an
article of food.

SHROUD-KNOT. _See_ KNOT.

SHROUD-LAID. The combination in the larger cordage, also known as
hawser-laid.

SHROUD-ROPE. A finer quality of hawser-laid rope than is commonly used
for other purposes. It is also termed purchase-rope; but four-stranded
rope is frequently used for standing rigging. All the strands are finer,
of better hemp, and pass the gauge. Thus the patent shroud-laid rope,
made from clean Petersburgh hemp, was found to break at a strain between
6-3/4 and 7-1/4 cwt. per inch of girth in inches squared. Thus a patent
rope of 5 inches would require 175 cwt. Common rope, 25 threads in each
strand, broke with 5 cwt. per inch, and fell off at 130 threads to 4
cwt. per inch. Thus,

cwt. qrs. lbs.
A common 10-inch cable weighed per 100 fathoms, 19 0 21
A superior " " 21 0 3

SHROUDS. The lower and upper standing-rigging. They are always divided
into pairs or couples; that is to say, one piece of rope is doubled, and
the parts fastened together at a small distance from the middle, so as
to leave a sort of noose or collar to fix upon the mast-head; the ends
have each a dead-eye turned in, by which they are set up by laniards to
the channel. (_See_ CHAINS and DEAD-EYE.)--_Bentinck-shrouds._ Strong
ropes fixed on the futtock-staves of the lower rigging, and extending to
the opposite channels, where they are set-up by means of dead-eyes and
laniards, or gun-tackle runner purchases, in the same manner as the
other shrouds. Their use is to support the masts when the ship
rolls.--_Bowsprit shrouds_ are now generally made of chain. They support
t