ubjects; in short, the working out of the problem, as it were,
is still to be executed. I have not written one line of this work
without deliberation and examination. What I have already done has cost
me much labour--what I have to do will cost me more. I must, therefore,
claim for myself the indulgence of the public, and request that, in
justice to the Americans, they will not decide until they have perused
the second portion, with which I shall, as speedily as I can, wind up my
observations upon the United States and their Institutions.

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Note 1. A church-yard with its mementos of mortality is sometimes a
fair criterion by which to judge of the degree of the education of those
who live near it. In one of the church-yards in Vermont, there is a
tomb stone with an inscription which commences as follows: "Paws,
_reader_, Paws."

Note 2. New York is superior to the other states in this list; but Ohio
is not quite equal. I can draw the line no closer.

Note 3. Notwithstanding that Philadelphia is the capital, the state of
Pennsylvania is a great _dunce_.

Note 4. Miss Martineau says: "Though, as a whole, the nation is
probably better informed than any other entire nation, it cannot be
denied, that their knowledge is far inferior to what their safety and
their virtue require."

Note 5. The master of a school could not manage the gab, they being
exceedingly contumacious. Beat them, he dared not; so he hit upon an
expedient. He made a very strong decoction of wormwood, and for a
slight offence, poured one spoonful down their throats: for a more
serious one, he made them take two.

Note 6. Mrs Trollope says: "At sixteen, often much earlier, education
ends and money making begins; the idea that more learning is necessary
than can be acquired by that time, is generally ridiculed as absolute
monkish bigotry to which, if the seniors willed a more prolonged
discipline, the juniors would refuse submission. When the money getting
begins, leisure ceases, and all the lore which can be acquired
afterwards is picked up from novels, magazines, and newspapers."

Captain Hall also remarks upon this point:--"I speak now from the
authority of the Americans themselves. There is the greatest possible
difficulty in fixing young men long enough at college. Innumerable
devices have been tried with considerable ingenuity to remedy this evil,
and the be