nd "being moved with indignation in himself." All philological
authorities agree that the words in the original Greek express sorrowful
indignation, or as some aver, anger, and not alone a sympathetic emotion
of grief. Any indignation the Lord may have felt, as intimated in verse
33, may be attributed to disapproval of the customary wailing over
death, which as vented by the Jews on this occasion, profaned the real
and soulful grief of Martha and Mary; and His indignation, expressed by
groaning as mentioned in verse 38, may have been due to the carping
criticism uttered by some of the Jews as recorded in verse 37.

7. Caiaphas, High Priest that Year.--John's statement that Caiaphas was
high priest "that same year" must not be construed as meaning that the
office of high priest was of a single year's tenure. Under Jewish law
the presiding priest, who was known as the high priest, would remain in
office indefinitely; but the Roman government had arrogated to itself
the appointive power as applying to this office; and frequent changes
were made. This Caiaphas, whose full name was Josephus Caiaphas, was
high priest under Roman appointment during a period of eleven years. To
such appointments the Jews had to submit, though they often recognized
as the high priest under their law, some other than the "civil high
priest" appointed by Roman authority. Thus we find both Annas and
Caiaphas exercizing the authority of the office at the time of our
Lord's arrest and later. (John 18:13, 24; Acts 4:6; compare Luke 3:2.)
Farrar (p. 484, note) says: "Some have seen an open irony in the
expression of St. John (11:49) that Caiaphas was high priest 'that same
year,' as though the Jews had got into this contemptuous way of speaking
during the rapid succession of priests--mere phantoms set up and
displaced by the Roman fiat--who had in recent years succeeded each
other. There must have been at least five living high priests, and
ex-high priests at this council--Annas, Ismael Ben Phabi, Eleazar Ben
Haman, Simon Ben Kamhith, and Caiaphas, who had gained his elevation by
bribery."

8. Divinely Appointed Judges Called "gods."--In Psalm 82:6, judges
invested by divine appointment are called "gods." To this scripture the
Savior referred in His reply to the Jews in Solomon's Porch. Judges so
authorized officiated as the representatives of God and are honored by
the exalted title "gods." Compare the similar appellation applied to
Moses (Exo. 4:16;