rboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.

This article only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on or
nearly end on in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does
not apply to two vessels which must, if both keep on their respective
courses, pass clear of each other.

The only cases to which it does apply are when each of the two vessels
is end on or nearly end on to the other; in other words, to cases in
which by day each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line or nearly
in a line with her own, and by night to cases in which each vessel is in
such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.

It does not apply by day to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead
crossing her own course, or by night to cases where the red light of one
vessel is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green
light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other, or where
a red light without a green light or a green light without a red light
is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but
ahead.

ART. 19. When two steam vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of
collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side
shall keep out of the way of the other.

ART. 20. When a steam vessel and a sailing vessel are proceeding in such
directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam vessel shall keep
out of the way of the sailing vessel.

ART. 21. Where by any of these rules one of two vessels is to keep out
of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed.

ART. 22. Every vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out
of the way of another vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.

ART. 23. Every steam vessel which is directed by these rules to keep out
of the way of another vessel shall on approaching her, if necessary,
slacken her speed or stop or reverse.

ART. 24. Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules every vessel
overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel.

Every vessel coming up with another vessel from any direction more than
2 points abaft her beam--that is, in such a position with reference to
the vessel which she is overtaking that at night she would be unable to
see either of that vessel's side lights--shall be deemed to be an
overta