nstitutes ink, and that the substance of ink is rather
mechanically suspended in the fluid than dissolved in it.

Ink, as it is usually prepared, is disposed to undergo certain changes,
which considerably impair its value. Of these the three following are
the most important: its tendency to moulding, the liability of the black
matter to separate from the fluid, the ink then becoming what is termed
ropy, and its loss of colour, the black first changing to brown, and, at
length, almost entirely disappearing.

Besides these, there are objects of minor importance to be attended to
in the formation of ink. Its consistence should be such as to enable
it to flow easily from the pen, without, on the one hand, its being so
liquid as to blur the paper, or, on the other, so adhesive as to clog
the pen, and to be long in drying. The shade of colour is also not to be
disregarded: a black, approaching to blue, is more agreeable to the eye
than a browner ink; and a degree of lustre, or glossiness, if compatible
with the due consistence of the fluid, tends to render the characters
more legible and beautiful. With respect to the chemical constitution
of ink, I may remark, that although, as usually prepared, it is a
combination of the metallic salt or oxide, with all the four vegetable
principles mentioned above; yet I am inclined to believe that the last
three of them, so far from being essential, are the principal cause
of the difficulty which we meet with in the formation of a perfect
and durable ink. I endeavoured to prove this point by a series of
experiments, of which the following is a brief abstract:--Having
prepared a cold infusion of galls, I allowed a portion of it to remain
exposed to the atmosphere, in a shallow capsule, until it was covered
with a thick stratum of mould; the mould was removed by filtration,
and the proper proportion of sulphate of iron being added to the clear
fluid, a compound was formed of a deep black colour, which showed no
farther tendency to mould, and which remained for a long time without
experiencing any alteration.

Another portion of the same infusion of galls had solution of isinglass
added to it until it no longer produced a precipitate; by employing the
sulphate of iron, a black compound was produced, which, although paler
than that formed from the entire fluid, appeared to be a perfect and
durable ink. Lastly, a portion of the infusion of galls was kept for
some time at the boiling temperat