t," to the right or to the left of the mark,
while others intimate whether the fuse is correctly timed or otherwise.
It is necessary to change the code fairly frequently, not only lest
it should fall into the enemy's hands, but also to baffle the hostile
forces; otherwise, after a little experience, the latter would be able
to divine the significance of the signals, and, in anticipation of being
greeted with a warm fusillade, would complete hurried arrangements
to mitigate its effects, if not to vacate the position until the
bombardment had ceased.

Sufficient experience has already been gathered, however, to prove the
salient fact that the airman is destined to play an important part
in the direction and control of artillery-fire. Already he has been
responsible for a re-arrangement of strategy and tactics. The man aloft
holds such a superior position as to defy subjugation; the alternative
is to render his work more difficult, if not absolutely impossible.

CHAPTER X. BOMB-THROWING FROM AIR-CRAFT

During the piping times of peace the utility of aircraft as weapons of
offence was discussed freely in an academic manner. It was urged
that the usefulness of such vessels in this particular field would
be restricted to bomb-throwing. So far these contentions have been
substantiated during the present campaign. At the same time it was
averred that even as a bomb-thrower the ship of the air would prove
an uncertain quantity, and that the results achieved would be quite
contrary to expectations. Here again theory has been supported by
practice, inasmuch as the damage wrought by bombs has been comparatively
insignificant.

The Zeppelin raids upon Antwerp and Britain were a fiasco in the
military sense. The damage inflicted by the bombs was not at all in
proportion to the quantity of explosive used. True, in the case of
Antwerp, it demoralised the civilian population somewhat effectively,
which perhaps was the desired end, but the military results were nil.

The Zeppelin, and indeed all dirigibles of large size, have one
advantage over aeroplanes. They are able to throw bombs of larger size
and charged with greater quantities of high explosive and shrapnel than
those which can be hurled from heavier-than-air machines. Thus it has
been stated that the largest Zeppelins can drop single charges exceeding
one ton in weight, but such a statement is not to be credited.

The shell generally used by the Zeppelin measures about