and character; and in
very much greater degree than in the general course.

ORGANIZATION OF THE COURSE IN BIOLOGY

=Biology courses not to be standardized rigidly=

The writer does not feel that standardized programs in biology in
colleges are either possible or desirable. What is set down here under
this heading is merely intended as carrying out the principles
outlined above, and not as the only way to provide a suitable program.
The writer assumes that the undergraduates are handled by men of
catholic interests; and that the undergraduate courses are not
distributed and manipulated primarily as feeders for specialized
departments of research in a graduate school. This latter attitude is,
in my opinion, fatal to creditable undergraduate instruction for the
general student or for the future high school teachers of the subject.

=But they should follow a general principle:=

There are three groups or cycles of courses which may properly be
developed by the college or by the undergraduate department of the
university.

_First Group_

=(1) The _first_ group of courses should introduce to life rather than
to later biological courses=

This group contains introductory courses for all students, but
organized particularly with the idea of bringing the rich material of
biology to the service of young people with the aim of making them
effective in life, and not as a first course for making them botanists
or zoologists.

Course--_Biology 1._ General Biology

This course should introduce the student to the college method of work
in the life sciences; should give him the general knowledge and points
of view outlined above as the chief aims of Biology; should synthesize
what the student already knows about plants and animals under the
general conception of life. Ideally the botanical and zoological
portions should be fused and be given by one teacher, rather than
presented as one semester of botany and one of zoology. This, however,
is frequently impracticable. In any event the total result should
really be biology, and not a patchwork of botany and zoology. Hence
there should be a free crossing of the barriers in use of materials at
all times.

A year of biology is recommended because each pupil ought to have some
work in both fields, and we cannot expect him to take a year in each.

Course--_Biology 2._ History of Biology

This course, dealing with the relation of the development of biology
to human interest