ments, in former years? My learned friend from Kentucky suggests
that the expenses under John Quincy Adams's administration were about
thirteen million dollars. What was the population of the United States
at that time I am not prepared to state, but it was far above four
millions. Now, to manage four million people is to cost the people of
the United States, under the law as it stands, nearly as much as it
cost the people to manage the whole affairs of the Government under
the administration of Mr. John Quincy Adams.

"I hear Senators speak very frequently of the necessity of economy and
retrenchment. Is this a specimen, increasing the number of officers
almost without limit, and increasing the expenditures? I think one
might be safe in saying that, if this bill passes, we can not expect
to get through a year with less than $20,000,000 of an expenditure for
this bureau. But that is a mere opinion; for no man can tell until we
have the number of officers that are to be appointed under the bill
prescribed in the bill itself, and this section leaves the largest
discretion to the bureau in the appointment of officers. I appeal to
Senators to know whether, at this time, when we ought to adopt a
system of retrenchment and reform, they are willing to pass a bill
which will so largely increase the public expenditures.

"Then, sir, when this army of officers has been organized, the bill
provides: 'And the President of the United States, through the War
Department and the commissioner, shall extend military jurisdiction
and protection over all employes, agents, and officers of this
bureau.'

"Will some Senator be good enough to tell me what that means? If
Indiana be declared a State within which are found refugees and
freedmen, who have escaped from the Southern States, and if Indiana
has a commissioner appointed to her, and if in each county of Indiana
there be a sub-commissioner at a salary of $1,500 a year, with two
clerks with a salary of $1,200 each, and then the War Department
throws over this little army of office-holders in the State of Indiana
its protection, what does that mean? The people of Indiana have been
ground hard under military authority and power within the last three
or four years, but it was borne because it was hoped that when the war
would be closed the military power would be withdrawn from the State.
Under this bill it may be established permanently upon the people by a
body of men protected by the m