rld_, p. 163.

[86] Pronounced _Kah-thah-gah_--literally, _the place of waves and foam_.
This was the principal village of the _Isantee_ band of Dakotas two
hundred years ago, and was located at the Falls of St. Anthony, which
the Dakotas called the _Ha-ha_,--pronounced _Rhah-rhah_,--the
_loud-laughing waters_. The Dakotas believed that the Falls were in the
center of the earth. Here dwelt the _Great Unktehee_, the creator of the
earth and man: and from this place a path led to the Spirit-land. DuLuth
undoubtedly visited Kathaga in the year 1679. In his "Memoir" (Archives
of the Ministry of the Marine) addressed to Seignelay, 1685, he says:
"On the 2nd of July, 1679, I had the honor to plant his Majesty's arms
in the great village of the Nadouecioux called Izatys, where never had a
Frenchman been, etc." _Izatys_ is here used not as the name of the
village, but as the name of the band--the _Isantees_. _Nadouecioux_ was
a name given the Dakotas generally by the early French traders and the
Ojibways. See _Shea's Hennepin's Description of Louisiana_, pp. 203 and
375. The villages of the Dakotas were not permanent towns. They were
hardly more than camping grounds, occupied at intervals and for longer
or shorter periods, as suited the convenience of the hunters; yet there
were certain places, like Mille Lacs, the Falls of St. Anthony, _Kapoza_
(near St. Paul), _Remnica_ (where the city of Red Wing now stands), and
_Keuxa_ (or _Keoza_) on the site of the city of Winona, so frequently
occupied by several of the bands as to be considered their chief
villages respectively.

Mr. Neill, usually very accurate and painstaking, has fallen into an
error in his prefatory notes to the last edition of his valuable
_History of Minnesota_. Speaking of DuLuth, he says:

"He appears to have entered Minnesota by way of the Pigeon or St. Louis
River, and to have explored where no Frenchman had been, and on July 2,
1679, was at _Kathio_ (_Kathaga_) perhaps on Red Lake or Lake of the
Woods, which was called 'the great village of the Wadouessioux,' one
hundred and twenty leagues from the _Songaskicons_ and _Houetepons_ who
were dwellers _in the Mille Lac region_."

Now _Kathaga_ (Mr. Neill's _Kathio_) was located at the Falls of St.
Anthony on the Mississippi as the whole current of Dakota traditions
clearly shows and DuLuth's dispatches clearly indicate. Besides, the
_Songaskicons_ and _Houetepons_ were _not_ and never were "dwellers in
the M