rd road the surface for the foundation is prepared in
the same manner as for a macadam road. A layer of broken stone is then
placed on the roadbed from five to eight inches in depth, depending upon
the thickness to be given the finished road. As a rule this foundation
should form about two-thirds of the total thickness of the material. The
stone used for the first layer may vary in thickness from two to four
inches and in length from eight to twelve inches. The thickness of the
upper edges of the stones should not exceed four inches. They are set by
hand on their broadest edges lengthwise across the road, breaking joints
as much as possible. All projecting points are then broken off and the
interstices or cracks filled with stone chips, and the whole structure
wedged and consolidated into a solid and complete pavement. Upon this
pavement layers of broken stones are spread and treated in the same way
as for a macadam road.

Stone roads should be frequently scraped, so as to remove all dust and
mud. Nothing destroys a stone road quicker than dust or mud. The hand
method of scraping with a hoe is considered best. No matter how
carefully adjusted the machinery built for this purpose may be, it is
liable to ravel a road by loosening some of the stones. The gutters and
surface drains should be kept open, so that all water falling upon the
road or on the adjacent ground may promptly flow away. Says Spalding, a
road authority:

"If the road metal be of soft material which wears easily, it will
require constant supervision and small repairs whenever a rut or
depression may appear. Material of this kind binds readily with new
material that may be added, and may in this manner frequently be kept in
good condition without great difficulty, while if not attended to at
once when wear begins to show it will very rapidly increase, to the
great detriment of the road. In making repairs by this method the
material is commonly placed a little at a time and compacted by passing
vehicles. The material used for this purpose should be the same as that
of the road surface and not fine material, which would soon reduce to
powder under the loads which come upon it. By careful attention to
minute repairs in this manner a surface may be kept in good condition
until it wears so thin as to require renewal.

"In case the road be of harder material, that will not so readily
combine when a thin coating is added, repairs may not be frequent, as
the su