preferably on the right side of
the bed and slip the left arm under the patient's shoulders, supporting
his head in the hollow of the arm. Raise him slightly and remove the
pillows one at a time with the right hand, drawing them outward on the
left side of the bed. Place a small pillow under his head. Shake the
pillows, change the cases if necessary, and replace them on the left
side of the bed, ready to be drawn back into position. Raise the patient
as before, remove the small pillow and draw the others into place. It is
sometimes better to hold the patient on the upper pillow while removing
and replacing the under one.

LIFTING A PATIENT IN BED.--Patients tend to slip down toward the foot of
the bed, and they should be raised if unable to help themselves. To
raise the patient, instruct him to flex his knees and to press his feet
firmly upon the bed; place one arm under his shoulders, as when
changing pillows, the other arm under the thighs, and lift him upward
without jerking. The lifting can be done more easily by two people, and
with less discomfort to the patient: if he is entirely helpless two
people are necessary. Two people should proceed as follows: Let _A_
place her left arm under the patient's head and shoulders as before, her
right arm under the small of his back; let _B_ place her right arm also
under the small of his back and her left arm under his thighs, and at a
signal let them lift together. In this way the weight is so evenly
distributed that a heavy person can be lifted without great difficulty.

TO TURN A PATIENT IN BED.--A patient may be turned toward or away from
you. In turning a patient toward you, place one hand over his farther
shoulder and the other over his hip, and turn him toward you. Then flex
his knees slightly. To turn a patient from you, pass one hand as far as
possible under the shoulders, and the other as far as possible under the
thighs. Then raising the patient slightly, draw him back toward you,
turning him at the same time, and then flex the knees. Lastly place a
pillow firmly against his back to support it.

TO CHANGE THE SHEETS WHILE THE PATIENT IS IN BED proceed as follows:
First collect the fresh linen and place it conveniently near the bed.
Then draw the bedclothes from beneath the mattress, raising the mattress
meanwhile with one hand to prevent jarring the bed. Remove first the
spread and then the upper blanket if there are two, fold each once and
place it on a chair. H