ts of evolution are certain in the end to
triumph over it. Paley, in his Natural Theology, long since brought
forward far too much evidence of design in animal organization to
allow of our setting down its marvels to the accumulation of
fortunate accident, undirected by will, effort and intelligence.
Those who examine the main facts of animal and vegetable
organization without bias will, no doubt, ere long conclude that all
animals and vegetables are derived ultimately from unicellular
organisms, but they will not less readily perceive that the
evolution of species without the concomitance and direction of mind
and effort is as inconceivable as is the independent creation of
every individual species. The two facts, evolution and design, are
equally patent to plain people. There is no escaping from either.
According to Messrs. Darwin and Wallace, we may have evolution, but
are on no account to have it as mainly due to intelligent effort,
guided by ever higher and higher range of sensations, perceptions,
and ideas. We are to set it down to the shuffling of cards, or the
throwing of dice without the play, and this will never stand.

According to the older men, cards did indeed count for much, but
play counted for more. They denied the teleology of the time--that
is to say, the teleology that saw all adaptation to surroundings as
part of a plan devised long ages since by a quasi-anthropomorphic
being who schemed everything out much as a man would do, but on an
infinitely vaster scale. This conception they found repugnant alike
to intelligence and conscience, but, though they do not seem to have
perceived it, they left the door open for a design more true and
more demonstrable than that which they excluded. By making their
variations mainly due to effort and intelligence, they made organic
development run on all-fours with human progress, and with
inventions which we have watched growing up from small beginnings.
They made the development of man from the amoeba part and parcel of
the story that may be read, though on an infinitely smaller scale,
in the development of our most powerful marine engines from the
common kettle, or of our finest microscopes from the dew-drop.

The development of the steam-engine and the microscope is due to
intelligence and design, which did indeed utilize chance
suggestions, but which improved on these, and directed each step of
their accumulation, though never foreseeing more than a ste