nd its
cleaning when in motion (the regulations being strictest in the case
of children and most lax in the case of male adults), and conditions
of health, including the amount of steaming allowed, which was first
regulated by the Cotton Cloth Factories Act of 1889.

The Cotton Industry outside England.

A brief survey will now be made of the cotton industry in parts of the
globe other than the British Isles, and as a prelude the following broad
estimates of the numbers of spindles and looms in the chief national
seats of the cotton industry may be put forward.[45] The table is
further supplemented by other figures[46] for the number of spindles at
different times in the United Kingdom, the United States and the
continent; and finally we may add the figures of cotton consumed.

The different average fineness of counts spun in different places must
be borne in mind when the consumption of each district at the same time
is being considered, but the relations between the amounts consumed in
the contrasted districts in the two periods would not be affected much
by this difference.

+-----------------+--------------+----------+-------------+
| | Estimated | Million | Thousand |
| | Population | Spinning | Power-Looms |
| | in 1902. | Spindles | about 1906. |
| | In Millions. | in 1909. | |
+-----------------+--------------+----------+-------------+
| United Kingdom. | 42 | 53.5 | 700 |
| United States | 79 | 27.8 | 550 |
| Germany | 58 | 9.8 | 215 |
| France | 39 | 6.8 | 110 |
| Russia | 139 | 7.8 | 150 |
| India | 294(1901) | 5.8 | 45 |
| Austria | 26.7 | 4.2 | 80 |
| Spain | 18.6(1900) | 1.9 | 69 |
| Italy | 33 | 4.0 | 100 |
| Switzerland | 3.4 | 1.5 | 30 |
| Japan | 46 | 1.7 | .. |
| Belgium | .. | 1.2 | .. |
+-----------------+--------------+----------+-------------+

_Cotton Spindles (including Doubling Spindles) in Millions._

+--------+---------+---------+--------+----------+--------+
| | United | | United |