gations within four years. This care for the provincials won for
himself the bitter enmity of the Roman financial interests which sought to
deprive him of his command.

*Invasion of Armenia, 69 B. C.* As the war could not be regarded as
terminated so long as Mithradates was at large, Lucullus demanded his
surrender from Tigranes. When the latter refused Lucullus invaded Armenia,
defeated him and took his capital, Tigranocerta, 69 B. C. In the following
year Lucullus attempted to complete the subjugation of Armenia but was
prevented by the mutinous conduct of his troops. He was unpopular with his
men because he maintained discipline and protected the subject peoples
from the excesses of the soldiers. Also some of his legions had come to
the East with Fimbria in 86 B. C. and clamored for the discharge to which
they were entitled. In 67 B. C. Mithradates reappeared in Pontus and
Lucullus had to return from Armenia to face him, whereupon Tigranes began
to recover lost ground. Because of the mutiny in his army Lucullus was
forced to remain inactive. He had already been superseded in the command
of Asia, Cilicia and Bithynia, which had come under his control with the
return of Cotta, and his enemies in Rome deprived him of the remnants of
his authority in 66 B. C.

III. THE REVOLT OF THE GLADIATORS: 73-71 B. C.

*Spartacus.* While Pompey was fighting Sertorius in Spain and Lucullus was
pursuing Mithradates in Bithynia a serious slave war arose in Italy. It
began in 73 B. C. with the revolt of a band of gladiators from a training
school in Capua under the leadership of the Thracian Spartacus and the
Gauls, Crixus and Onemaus. Taking refuge on the slopes of Vesuvius they
rapidly recruited large numbers of runaway slaves. They defeated the
armies of two Roman praetors and overran Campania, Lucania, and all
southern Italy. By the end of the year 73 B. C. their number had grown to
70,000.

In the next year they divided their forces; the Gauls and Germans followed
Crixus, the Thracians Spartacus. The two consuls took the field against
them; Crixus and his horde were defeated in Apulia. Spartacus marched
north, intending to make his way through the Alps to Thrace. The consuls
pursued him, and he defeated them one after the other. Thereupon his
followers refused to leave Italy and turned southwards, plundering as they
went. Again Spartacus defeated the consuls but dared not attack Rome and
retired to South Ital