graphy, 21.

Masts, Cape of, 238

Mauro, Fra, Camaldolese chart of, 301

Melli, negro empire of, 270;
salt trade in, 271

Menezes, Edward, 300

Menezes, Pedro de, is left in command of Ceuta, 155

Meymam, Ahude, 223, 224, 245

Mythology, geographical, gradual development of, 7

N

Noli, Antonio de, sails with Gomez, 297;
gets the captaincy of Santiago, 298

Nomimansa converted by Gomez, 293-295

Norse, discoveries, 50, 51;
early settlements, 54;
farthest point of Northern advance in Europe, 55;
race, type of, 69

Northern, advance, lines of, 53;
effects of invasions, 74

Northmen, countries made known to Europe through, 67;
definite advances into the unknown, 72

O

Odjein, Aryn, or Arim, 8

Ogane, 316

Ohthere, 70;
service of, to western geography, 72

Olaf Trygveson, 68

P

Pacheco, Gonsalo, unlucky expedition of, 225;
meets Diaz on homeward voyage and turns back, 230

Papal Court sends missions to convert Tartars, 90

Payva, 316

Pedro the Traveller, 136;
joins in attack on Ceuta, 148-153;
is knighted, 153;
is made Duke of Coimbra and Lord of the Principality, 157;
returns from travels, 168;
becomes regent, 190;
gives a charter to Henry, 201;
gives a reward to explorers, 246;
resigns the regency, 258;
takes arms against Affonso, 259;
marches on Lisbon and is killed, 260

Philippa, Queen, character and death, 149

Pilgrims, primitive, 34;
pioneers of growth of Europe and Christendom, 76

Pilgrim stage of European development, 42

Pires, Gomes, goes on toward the Nile, 232;
attacks natives, 234

Po Fernando, 313

Polo, Marco, makes journey to the East with uncles, 94;
made commissioner of Imperial Council, 96;
memoirs of, 96;
heard and wrote of Madagascar and Zanzibar, 102;
Herodotus of Middle Ages, 103;

Polo, Nicolo and Matteo, traders to Crimea and Southern Russia, 93;
make second journey to farthest East, 94;
consulting engineers to Mongol Court, 96;
dismissed, 101

Pope, decides question of reviving African war, 181

Portolani, superseded map of Edrisi, 27;
drawn with aid of compass, 121

Portolano, Laurentian, 118

Portugal, chief points in story of, 123;
guide of Europe into larger world, 125;
mediaeval history of, 126-133

Portuguese give a value to th