er part of England was slightly under 300 acres.[459] In his
_Tour in France_ Young, speaking of the smallness of French farms as
compared with English ones, and of the consequent great inferiority of
French farming, says, 'Where is the little farmer to be found who will
cover his whole farm with marl at the rate of 100 to 150 tons per
acre; who will drain his land at the expense of L2 to L3 an acre; who
will, to improve the breed of his sheep, give 1,000 guineas for the
use of a single ram for a single season; who will send across the
kingdom to distant provinces for new implements and for men to use
them? Deduct from agriculture all the practices that have made it
flourishing in this island, and you have precisely the management of
small farms.' In 1868 the _Report of the Commission on the Agriculture
of France_[460] agreed with Young, noting the grave consequences of
the excessive subdivision of land, loss of time, waste of labour,
difficulties in rotation of crops, and of liberty of cultivation.

For stocking an arable farm of 70 acres Young considered the following
expenditure necessary, the items of which give us interesting
information as to prices about 1770:--

L s. d.

Rent, tithe, and town charges for first year 70 0 0
Household furniture 30 0 0
Wagon 25 0 0
Cart with ladders 12 0 0
Tumbril 10 0 0
Roller for broad lands (of wood) 2 0 0
" narrow " " 1 15 0
Cart harness for 4 horses 8 17 0
Plough " " 2 16 0
2 ploughs 3 0 0
A pair of harrows 1 15 0
Screen, bushel, fan, sieves, forks, rakes, &c. 8 0 0
Dairy furniture 3 0 0
20 sacks 2 10 0
4 horses 32 0 0
Wear and tear, and shoeing one year 13 0 0
Keep of 4 horses from Michaelmas to May Day, @
2s. 6d. each a week 14 0 0
5 cows