legionary soldiers were Roman
citizens. The auxiliaries were hired or drafted troops, and were always
light-armed. The cavalry in Caesar's time was made up of auxiliaries
taken from the different provinces.

The officers were:--1. The IMPERATOR, or commander in chief. 2. The
LEGATI, or staff officers, varying in number. Caesar had ten. 3. The
QUAESTOR, or quartermaster. 4. The TRIBUNI MILITUM, numbering six in
each legion, and assisting the Imperator in his duties.
5. The PRAEFECTI, who held various subordinate commands. 6. The
CENTURIONES, who were non-commissioned officers, and rose in rank for
good service. There were sixty centurions in each legion, six in each
cohort, and one in each century. They were promoted from the ranks, but
rarely rose above centurion of the first rank. All the officers, except
the centurions, came from either senatorial or equestrian families.

The COHORS PRAETORIA was a body of picked troops that acted as body
guard to the Imperator.

The STANDARD (_signum_) of the legion was an eagle with outstretched
wings, perched upon a pole.

The Romans when on the march fortified their camp every night. They made
it rectangular in shape, and threw up fortifications always in the same
way. It was surrounded by a ditch and rampart. The legionary soldiers
encamped next to the wall on the inside of the fortifications, thus
surrounding the cavalry, the auxiliaries, the general and his staff. The
general's tent was called the _Praetorium_, and the entrance to the
camp in front of his tent was called the Praetorian Gate. The opposite
entrance was called the Decuman Gate.

CHAPTER L. LEGENDARY ROME.

AENEAS, son of Anchises and Venus, fled from Troy after its capture
by the Greeks (1184?) and came to Italy. He was accompanied by his son
IULUS and a number of brave followers. LATINUS, who was king of the
district where Aeneas landed, received him kindly, and gave him his
daughter, LAVINIA, in marriage. Aeneas founded a city, which he named
LAVINIUM, in honor of his wife. After his death, Iulus, also called
ASCANIUS, became king. He founded on Mount Albanus a city, which he
called ALBA LONGA, and to it transferred the capital.

Here a number of kings ruled in succession, the last of whom was SILVIUS
PROCAS, who left two sons, NUMITOR, the older, and AMULIUS. They divided
the kingdom, the former choosing the property, the latter the crown.
Numitor had two children, a son and a daughter. Amul