f both Australia and New Zealand have a habit of locating
themselves among and upon a collection of hills, up the sides of which
the houses creep in a very picturesque manner. Dunedin is no exception
to this rule, rising rather abruptly from the plateaux where are the
wharves and business centre of the town, to the summit of the foot-hills
about which it lies. The town is more undulating in its conformation
than Hobart, so lately described. A portion of the level plain near the
shore, upon which broad streets and fine substantial blocks of buildings
now stand, consists of made land, redeemed at great expense and trouble
from the shallow water front. This whole section is as level as a
dining-table. Heavy shipping business cannot well be conducted on a
hillside; therefore the construction of this plateau was a necessity, as
the town grew in size and extended its commercial relations. A couple of
mountains close at hand, each of which is considerably over two
thousand feet in height, dominate the city.

The Scottish character of the early settlers of Dunedin, as well as that
of the present population, is emphasized by the names of its twenty odd
miles of well-lighted and well-paved streets, of which nearly all the
names are borrowed from the familiar thoroughfares of Edinburgh. The
only monumental statue in the town is that of Scotland's beloved poet,
Robert Burns, which is situated before the Town Hall, in a small
enclosure. The first settlement here was as late as 1848, by a colony
nearly every member of which came from Scotland, from which source the
city has continued to draw many of its citizens. The Scottish brogue
salutes the ear everywhere; the Scottish physiognomy is always prominent
to the eye; indeed, there are several prevailing indications which cause
one half to believe himself in Aberdeen, Glasgow, or Dundee. This is by
no means unpleasant. There is a solid, reliable appearance to
everything; people are rosy-cheeked, hearty, and good to look at; there
is a spirit of genuineness impregnating the very atmosphere, quite
wanting in many places named in these pages.

The wand of the enchanter touched the place in 1861, from which date it
took a fresh start upon the road of prosperity. It was caused by gold
being discovered in large quantities near at hand, and from that date
Dunedin has grown in population and wealth with almost unprecedented
rapidity. Large substantial stone edifices have sprung up on all the