ing problems always existed. Industrial civilisation had
given the growing and working generation a certain amount of leisure,
and education enough to conceive of a choice in the use of that leisure;
but had offered them no guidance in making their choice.

We are faced, as I write, with the hideous danger that fighting may
blaze up again throughout the whole Eurasian continent, and that the
young men and girls of Europe may have no more choice in the way they
spend their time than they had from 1914 to 1918 or the serfs of Pharaoh
had in ancient Egypt. But if that immediate danger is avoided, I dream
that in Europe and in America a conscious and systematic discussion by
the young thinkers of our time of the conditions of a good life for an
unprivileged population may be one of the results of the new vision of
human nature and human possibilities which modern science and modern
industry have forced upon us.

Within each nation, industrial organisation may cease to be a confused
and wasteful struggle of interests, if it is consciously related to a
chosen way of life for which it offers to every worker the material
means. International relations may cease to consist of a constant
plotting of evil by each nation for its neighbours, if ever the youth of
all nations know that French, and British, and Germans, and Russians,
and Chinese, and Americans, are taking a conscious part in the great
adventure of discovering ways of living open to all, and which all can
believe to be good.

GRAHAM WALLAS.

_August_ 1920.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART I
_THE CONDITIONS OF THE PROBLEM_

CHAPTER I
IMPULSE AND INSTINCT IN POLITICS

CHAPTER II
POLITICAL ENTITIES

CHAPTER III
NON-RATIONAL INFERENCE IN POLITICS

CHAPTER IV
THE MATERIAL OF POLITICAL REASONING

CHAPTER V
THE METHOD OF POLITICAL REASONING

PART II
_POSSIBILITIES OF PROGRESS_

CHAPTER I
POLITICAL MORALITY

CHAPTER II
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER III
OFFICIAL THOUGHT

CHAPTER IV
NATIONALITY AND HUMANITY

SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS

_(Introduction, page 1)_

The study of politics is now in an unsatisfactory position. Throughout
Europe and America, representative democracy is generally accepted as
the best form of government; but those who have had most experience of
its actual working are often disappointed and apprehensive. Democracy
has not been extended to non-European races,