and
Chicago, a distance of 80 miles, in about fifteen hours. Such an amount
of work would have required over 9000 calories for the day.

These calculations are all based upon experimental results obtained in
various laboratories in different parts of the world and can be accepted
as being free from any gross error.

It is evident that the energy requirement is proportional to the amount
of mechanical energy expended.

One may turn now to the fuel needs in terms of calories in certain
industrial pursuits. According to Becker and Hamalainen, the quantity of
extra metabolism per hour required in various pursuits is as follows:

Extra calories of
metabolism per
hour due to
occupation

Occupations of women:
Seamstress 6
Typist[5] 24
Seamstress using sewing machine 24-57
Bookbinder 38-63
Housemaid 81-157
Washerwoman 124-214

Occupations of men:
Tailor 44
Bookbinder 81
Shoemaker 90
Carpenter 116-164
Metal worker 141
Painter (of furniture) 145
Stonemason 300
Man sawing wood 378

[5] Observation of Carpenter.

To use this table one may seek the basal metabolism of the individual,
add 10 per cent. for sixteen hours of wakefulness when the person is
sitting or standing, and then multiply the factors in the last table by
the numbers of hours of work. For example, if one takes the individual
weighing 156 pounds, one obtains the following requirements of energy if
his business were that of a tailor and he worked eight hours a day:

Calories

Sleeping 8 hours at 70 calories per hour 560
Awake 16 hours at 77 calories per hour 1232
Add for work as tailor 8 hours at 44 calories 352
----
2144

After this fashion one might calculate his food requirements had he
followed occupations other tha