ippi
make a better showing than some of the oldest and
most densely populated Northern States.

There is generally an idea prevailing that the Southern
States are very unhealthy. It is a point that bears directly
on our labor question, and for that reason I wish to call
special attention to this table, which is taken directly
from the census:

ANNUAL DEATH RATE FOR EACH THOUSAND OF POPULATION

New York 17.38
Pennsylvania 14.92
Virginia 16.32
Massachusetts 18.59
Kentucky 14.39
Georgia 13.97
Alabama 14.20
Mississippi 12.89

Mississippi has the smallest average death rate of any of
that number of States which I have enumerated.

Q. I suppose the circumstance that the average death rate
is larger in cities ought to be taken into account, the
Southern population being mostly rural, is it not?
--A. The Southern population is to a very great extent
rural--Still there are cities in Georgia which I suppose in
proportion to our rural population would not make the latter
in excess of what it is here. If you take your rural
population here and in New Jersey, where you are densely
populated, we are no more densely populated in the
proportion of our city population to the country than you
are here, I think.

Q. Of the population, which is, as a rule, the more healthy
in the South, the colored or the white population?

By Mr. PUGH:

Q. There must be some qualification of that difference
between the death rate between such States as Massachusetts,
for instance, and Georgia, on account of the fact--which I
suppose must be conceded--that in these new States
population is younger and more vigorous than in the older
States. The emigration to these States has been of the
younger and more vigorous population, not so liable to die
as those who remain behind and are older?
--A. There has been but very little emigration into these
States up to this census.

MR. PUGH. That is the fact to some extent, I suppose,
anyway.

The CHAIRMAN. In that same connection, I suppose, should be
borne in mind the fact that the population of these Eastern
States is largely re-enforced by immigration from Europe,
and that is of the younger and more vigorous Eur