of the Jurisdiction of Massachusetts. He arrived at Salem in
the year 1628, and had the chief command of those that first settled
there, and shared with them in all their hardships. He continued at
Salem till the magistrates desired him to remove to Boston for the more
convenient administration of justice, as Governor of the Jurisdiction,
to which he was frequently elected for many years together. He was a
great enemy of the Sectaries, and was too severe in executing the penal
laws against the Quakers and _Anabaptists_ during the time of his
administration. He lived to a good old age, and was interred at Boston
with great honour and solemnity."--Neal's History of New England Vol.
II., p. 346.]

[Footnote 148: The same year, 1662, in which Charles the Second sent so
gracious a letter to the Governor and Council of Massachusetts Bay, he
granted Charters to the colonies of Connecticut and Rhode Island, in
both of which perfect liberty of conscience and religious liberty was
encouraged and provided for, evincing the settled policy of the
Government of the Restoration in regard to the New England colonies. The
annalist Holmes says:

"1662.--The Charter of Connecticut was granted by Charles II. with most
ample privileges, under the great seal of England. It was ordained by
the Charter that all the King's subjects in the colony should enjoy all
the privileges of free and natural born subjects within the realm of
England." (Holmes' Annals, etc., Vol. I., pp. 320, 321.)

So liberal were the provisions of this Charter, that as Judge Story
says: "It continued to be the fundamental law of the State of
Connecticut until the year 1818, when a new constitution of government
was framed and adopted by the people." (Commentaries on the Constitution
of the United States, Vol. I., Sec. 88.)

_Rhode Island._--Rhode Island had two English Charters, the
circumstances connected with both of which were very peculiar. Its
founder, Roger Williams, had been banished from the jurisdiction of
Massachusetts Bay.

"Rhode Island," says Judge Story, "was originally settled by emigrants
from Massachusetts, fleeing hither to escape from religious persecution,
and it still boasts of Roger Williams as its founder and as the early
defender of religious freedom and the rights of conscience. One body of
them purchased the island which gave name to the State, and another the
territory of the Providence Plantations from the Indians, and began
their settlem