; a few of the people also
slept there. The whole of the buildings were enclosed by a trench
or moat 15 ft. wide and 9 ft. deep, to protect the settlers from
the ravages of wild beasts.

Champlain had earthworks thrown up on the inner side of the moat,
on which cannons were mounted. Between the encampment and the river
there remained a strip only 24 ft. wide; and behind, on the side of
the mountain, there was a plot of arable land a little more than
100 ft. long and 60 ft. wide, where Champlain had corn sown and
vines planted.

[Illustration]

This "abitation" is shown on the 5c value of the series, while on the
10c is shown the city of Quebec as it had grown by 1700 from such small
and modest beginnings.

[Illustration]

In the following May Champlain decided to explore the river and his
departure on this momentous journey is depicted on the 15c stamp.

[Illustration]

On the 7c denomination are portraits of the two famous generals,
Montcalm and Wolfe, both of whom were killed fighting each other on the
heights of Quebec. Again, to quote from the article in _Gibbons' Stamp
Weekly:_--

[Illustration]

So early as 1628 Quebec was captured by the English, in spite of
Champlain's brave defence; but Canada was restored to France by one
of the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which was
concluded in 1632. Richelieu at once sent Champlain back to Quebec
as Governor-General of Canada.

Twice more, in 1690 and 1711, the English besieged Quebec, but they
were not able to capture the town. But in 1759 General James Wolfe
was ordered by Pitt to clear the French right out of Canada. The
French troops were under the command of Marquis Ludwig Joseph
Montcalm, of Saint-Veran. Although the latter was in command of
only a small force, he was able to claim several victories, but
finally he was besieged in Quebec by General Wolfe, at the head of
30,000 men. He was obliged to give battle under unequal conditions,
and on September 13th was mortally wounded at the battle of the
Heights of Abraham and died two days later. The victorious English
general was also killed in the same battle.

The names of both these leaders, enemies though they were, have
graven themselves inseparably on the memories of the inhabitants of
Quebec. In 1827 the Governor of Canada, Lord Dalhousie, erect